Question

Amino acids join together to form _____________ called _________________.
• There are ____ different amino acids
• The amino group of one amino acid bonds to the ____________ group of another
• The bond that holds two amino acids together is called a ____________________
• When two amino acids bond together, they form a ________________________.
• Additional amino acids may join with a dipeptide to form a _________________.
Proteins
• The _____________________________________ of amino acids determines the specific role of the
protein
• Functional
o Take part in _______________________ and ____________________ materials (hormones,
such as insulin, and catalysts such as enzymes)
• Structural
o Serve as ____________________________ (Collagen-forms bones, tendons, ligaments, and
cartilage)
Proteins: _______________________________________
• Enzymes are organic _________________________ that control the ______________ of chemical
reactions within cells.
• A single organism may possess _______________________of different enzymes.
• Each one is __________________________ to a certain chemical reaction.
• Enzymes have a specific shape, called the ____________________, to which the reactant, or
___________________ can attach.
•
Proteins: Enzymes
• By providing such a reaction site, enzymes __________________________the amount of energy that
substrates need to react.
• In other words, enzymes reduce the _____________________________ _______________________.

Answer 1

Amino acids join together to form **polymers** called **proteins**.
- There are **20** different amino acids.
- The amino group of one amino acid bonds to the **carboxyl** group of another.
- The bond that holds two amino acids together is called a **peptide bond**.
- When two amino acids bond together, they form a **dipeptide**.
- Additional amino acids may join with a dipeptide to form a **polypeptide**.

Proteins
- The **sequence** of amino acids determines the specific role of the protein.
- Functional
- Take part in **metabolism** and **transport** materials (hormones, such as insulin, and catalysts such as enzymes).
- Structural
- Serve as **building blocks** (Collagen-forms bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage).

Proteins: **Enzymes**
- Enzymes are organic **catalysts** that control the **rate** of chemical reactions within cells.
- A single organism may possess **thousands** of different enzymes.
- Each one is **specific** to a certain chemical reaction.
- Enzymes have a specific shape, called the **active site**, to which the reactant, or **substrate**, can attach.

Proteins: Enzymes
- By providing such a reaction site, enzymes **lower** the amount of energy that substrates need to react.
- In other words, enzymes reduce the **activation energy**.