The limiting factors on organisms that inhabit beaches or dunes could include:
- Hotel construction - This can lead to habitat destruction and fragmentation.
- Fireworks - These can disturb wildlife and alter their natural behaviors.
- Bright lights - Artificial lighting can disorient nesting sea turtles and other nocturnal animals.
- Garbage - Pollution can harm organisms and degrade their habitat.
Therefore, the limiting factors in your options are: hotel construction, fireworks, bright lights, and garbage.
Sand dune conservation and trash pick up can be beneficial practices that help protect and maintain the habitats for those organisms, rather than acting as limiting factors.