How did Muslims contribute to the field of science?

Muslims made significant contributions to the field of science through various means, and the most comprehensive answer from your options would likely be:

**A. They developed hospitals, colleges, and pharmacies.**

While all the options reflect aspects of Muslim contributions to science, option A encompasses a broader scope of their impact on healthcare and education, which were critical in advancing medical knowledge, pharmaceutical practices, and the scientific method.

Additionally, options B and D also hold truth: Muslims preserved and translated Greek and Roman works, contributing to the understanding of ancient science, and wrote many texts on various subjects, including the earth sciences. Option C, while it reflects some cultural practices, isn't as directly tied to scientific advancement as the other options.