The most accurate response regarding the growth of Islam and Christianity in the Middle East between 300 and 1500 CE is:
During this time, Islam became the dominant religion in the region. Christianity was less established in the Middle East during this time, but its influence was still felt during the Crusades.
Explanation:
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Islam's Emergence and Growth: Islam was founded in the 7th century (around 610 CE) and rapidly spread throughout the Middle East and beyond due to military conquests, trade, and missionary activities. By the end of the 7th century, Islam had become the dominant religion in the Arabian Peninsula and expanded into North Africa, parts of Europe, and Asia.
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Christianity's Position: Christianity had established itself in the Middle East by the 4th century, especially after the Edict of Milan in 313 CE legalized it within the Roman Empire. However, after the rise of Islam, the balance shifted, and while Christianity remained significant in certain regions (e.g., the Byzantine Empire, parts of the Levant, and Egypt), it was increasingly overshadowed by Islamic rule.
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The Crusades: The Crusades (starting in 1096) were military campaigns initiated by Christians to reclaim Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. They underscored the ongoing conflict between the two religions but also demonstrated the established dominance of Islam in the region during this period.
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Buddhism's Role: Buddhism did not play a significant role in the religious landscape of the Middle East during this time period, leading to the conclusion that it was not a dominant religion in that area at this time.
Overall, by 1500 CE, Islam had firmly established itself as the dominant religion in the Middle East, while Christianity was relegated to minority status in most regions it once thrived in.