Here’s a breakdown of the hormones you listed, categorized based on their effects on blood glucose levels:
Hormones That Lower Blood Glucose Levels
- Insulin: This hormone is produced by the pancreas and helps lower blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose, particularly in liver, muscle, and fat tissues.
Hormones That Raise Blood Glucose Levels
- Glucagon: Also produced by the pancreas, glucagon works to raise blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen to glucose) and gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) in the liver.
- Epinephrine (Adrenaline): This hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, increases blood glucose levels during stress by stimulating glycogenolysis and inhibiting insulin secretion.
- Cholecystokinin (CCK): While primarily involved in digestion, CCK may have indirect effects related to glucose metabolism, but it is not a primary regulator of blood glucose levels.
- Secretin: This hormone, released by the small intestine, primarily regulates digestive processes and has minimal direct impact on blood glucose levels.
Hormones That Have No Significant Effect on Blood Glucose Levels
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) and Secretin can be included here since their primary roles are related to digestion, and they do not have direct effects on regulating blood glucose levels.
In summary:
- Lower Blood Glucose: Insulin
- Raise Blood Glucose: Glucagon, Epinephrine
- No Significant Effect: Cholecystokinin, Secretin
Feel free to ask if you need more detailed information or additional context!