1. When I speal to my baachers, I bry to use a polite, deferential tone.

Here are the correct classifications for each sentence or clause given in your questions:

1. When I speak to my teachers, I try to use a polite, deferential tone.

   • A. independent clause (the part "I try to use a polite, deferential tone" is independent; "When I speak to my teachers" is a dependent clause)

2. John was taken aback, confused by my friendly words.

   • A. independent clause (the main clause is "John was taken aback")

3. One phone call, a mere five-minute conversation, laid the foundation for a fifteen-year relationship.

   • A. independent clause (this is a complete sentence)

4. My mind racing, I picked up the phone.

   • A. independent clause (the main clause is "I picked up the phone", while "My mind racing" is a participial phrase)

5. I relax and read whenever I have the opportunity.

   • A. independent clause (the main clause is "I relax and read"; "whenever I have the opportunity" is a dependent clause)

6. Summer break, which begins in June, offers me time to think.

   • C. relative clause (the relative clause is "which begins in June")

7. I will watch the grill if you take care of the dishes.

   • D. dependent clause (the dependent clause is "if you take care of the dishes", while "I will watch the grill" is an independent clause)

8. One phone call, a mere five-minute conversation, laid the foundation for a fifteen-year relationship.

   • A. independent clause (this is a complete sentence)

9. Some school officials may claim moving starting times back will limit the amount of extracurricular activities offered, but these objections are short-sighted.

   • A. independent clause (the main clause is "Some school officials may claim moving starting times back will limit the amount of extracurricular activities offered", while "but these objections are short-sighted" is another independent clause)

10. My sister, who graduated from Michigan State, just accepted a job at a major pharmaceutical company.

• C. relative clause (the relative clause is "who graduated from Michigan State")

Let me know if you need further assistance or clarification!