The concept of habeas corpus ensures the protection against unlawful detention or imprisonment. Specifically, it gives individuals the right to challenge the legality of their detention before a court. The term translates to "you shall have the body," referring to the requirement that a detainee be brought before a judge to determine whether the detention is lawful.
Among the options you provided, none directly reflect the primary purpose of habeas corpus. However, it's important to note that while habeas corpus is focused on protecting against unlawful detention, other legal principles and rights, such as the Fourth Amendment, address protection from unreasonable searches, and the First Amendment covers freedom of speech.