Gene expression is determined by several factors, including chemicals in the body and protein synthesis. These factors can influence how genes are turned on or off, impacting overall cellular function and development. The brain also plays a role in regulating gene expression through signaling pathways, but it is more accurate to say that chemicals (such as hormones and signaling molecules) can affect gene expression more broadly throughout the body. "Senescence" refers to the process of aging and how cells stop dividing, which can also influence gene expression, but it is not a direct factor like the other options.
So, the most relevant responses for determining gene expression are chemicals in the body and protein synthesis.
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