Pericles was a prominent and influential statesman, orator, and general during Athens' Golden Age, particularly known for his role in the development of Athenian democracy in the 5th century BCE. His contributions can be summarized as follows:
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Expansion of Democracy: Pericles pushed for a more inclusive form of democracy, expanding political participation to a broader segment of the male citizen population. He supported measures that allowed even the poorer citizens to participate more fully in political and public life.
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Payment for Public Office: One of Pericles' significant reforms was the introduction of payment for public officials and jurors. This innovation allowed lower-income citizens to take part in the political process, as they could afford to serve without losing income from their regular jobs.
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Strengthening of Democratic Institutions: He greatly enhanced the power of the Assembly and the Council of 500, promoting a more direct form of governance where citizens could directly influence laws and policies.
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Cultural and Artistic Patronage: Pericles funded many public works, including temples and monuments like the Parthenon, which not only showcased Athenian power and culture but also created jobs and encouraged civic pride among citizens.
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Military Strategy and Imperialism: Under Pericles' leadership, Athens pursued an aggressive foreign policy and expanded its empire. He believed that a strong Athenian democracy was supported by a powerful navy, ensuring both security and economic prosperity.
Through these developments, Pericles helped to establish the foundation for what is often regarded as the height of Athenian democracy, leading to a flourishing of culture, art, and philosophy that has had a lasting influence on Western civilization.