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How were West Africans originally organized before contact with Europeans? (1 point) Responses by clan by clan by country by country by city by city by religion

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Before contact with Europeans, West Africans were organized in a variety of ways that varied by region and culture. Generally, their organization can be characterized as follows:

  1. By Clan: Many groups were organized into clans or extended families, which were central to their social structure. These clans often held significant cultural and spiritual importance.

  2. By Ethnic Groups: West Africa is home to numerous ethnic groups, each with its own customs, languages, and governance systems. For example, the Yoruba, Igbo, Akan, and Hausa were organized according to their distinct ethnic identities.

  3. By Kingdoms and Empires: Some groups formed larger political entities like kingdoms and empires. Notable examples include the Mali Empire, the Songhai Empire, the Kingdom of Ghana, and the Ashanti Empire. These entities had centralized governance with kings or chiefs who ruled over large territories.

  4. By City-States: In coastal areas, particularly in what is now Nigeria and Ghana, city-states like Lagos, Benin, and Accra developed as important trade and political centers with their own local rulers.

  5. By Religion: Religious affiliation also played a role in social organization. Some groups were organized around Islamic or indigenous belief systems, with religious leaders often holding significant power in their communities.

In summary, West Africans were organized in complex ways that included clan structures, ethnic identities, political entities like kingdoms and city-states, and religious affiliations before European contact.

How were West Africans originally organized before contact with Europeans? (1 point) Responses by clan by clan by country by country by city by city by religion

West Africans were originally organized primarily by clan and ethnic groups, with distinct social structures and governance systems that varied across the region.

  1. By Clan: Many communities were organized into clans, which were extended family units that provided social support, identity, and governance.

  2. By Ethnic Groups: Each ethnic group, such as the Yoruba, Igbo, Akan, and Hausa, had its own cultural practices, languages, and systems of governance.

  3. By Kingdoms and Empires: In addition to clans, some groups formed larger political structures including kingdoms and empires, such as the Mali Empire and the Kingdom of Ghana, which had centralized authority and governance.

  4. By City-States: Particularly in coastal areas, city-states emerged as independent political entities, functioning as centers of trade and governance.

  5. By Religion: Religious beliefs also contributed to social organization, with various communities aligning around Islamic or indigenous faiths, influencing their governance and social structures.

Overall, these forms of organization were multifaceted, reflecting a rich tapestry of cultural, social, and political life in pre-contact West Africa.

How were West Africans originally organized before contact with Europeans? Responses by clan by country by city by religion

Before contact with Europeans, West Africans were organized in several ways:

  1. By Clan: Many communities were structured around clans, which were extended family groups that played a crucial role in social cohesion, identity, and governance. Clans often held significant responsibilities in decision-making and community leadership.

  2. By Country (or Ethnic Groups): West Africa was home to a diverse array of ethnic groups, each with its own language, culture, and social organization. Groups such as the Yoruba, Igbo, Akan, and Fulani had distinct social systems and governance structures tied to their ethnic identities.

  3. By City: In urban areas, particularly along trade routes and coastal regions, city-states emerged. Cities like Timbuktu, Kano, and Benin served as important political and economic centers, with local rulers or councils overseeing governance and trade.

  4. By Religion: Religious affiliation also influenced social organization. Many communities operated within frameworks of indigenous beliefs, while the spread of Islam introduced new systems of governance and community organization, particularly in areas where Islamic states and trade networks developed.

These organizations reflected the complex and diverse nature of West African societies prior to European contact, encompassing a rich interplay of familial, ethnic, urban, and religious dimensions.

Which of the following commodities most affected the growth of trade in West Africa? (1 point) Responses salt salt camels camels millet millet silk

The commodity that most affected the growth of trade in West Africa was salt. Salt was highly valued for its role in food preservation, its necessity for dietary health, and its scarcity in many regions of West Africa. It was a critical item in trade exchanges, particularly along the trans-Saharan trade routes, which linked West Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean. While camels facilitated trade across the desert and other commodities like millet and silk were important, salt was arguably the most influential in the economic development of West African trade.

Which of the following best describes slavery in West Africa before European exploration? (1 point) Responses Slavery was forbidden under Islam. Slavery was forbidden under Islam. Slavery was based on race. Slavery was based on race. Slavery was used on plantations. Slavery was used on plantations. Slavery was culturally accepted.

The best description of slavery in West Africa before European exploration is that slavery was culturally accepted. In many West African societies, slavery existed as a recognized institution and was not primarily based on race, but rather on factors such as war, debt, and social status. Enslaved individuals could serve in various roles, including domestic servitude, labor, and sometimes even skilled positions. Slavery was integrated into the social and economic systems of the societies and differed significantly from the race-based chattel slavery that later developed in the Americas.

Which does Kepler’s second law state about planetary motion?(1 point) Responses The planet travels along an elliptical orbit. The planet travels along an elliptical orbit. Planets move at the same speed at all points along their orbit. Planets move at the same speed at all points along their orbit. A line between the planet and the sun covers equal areas in equal times. A line between the planet and the sun covers equal areas in equal times. The square of the orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis.

Kepler’s second law states that a line between the planet and the sun covers equal areas in equal times. This law implies that a planet moves faster when it is closer to the sun and slower when it is farther from the sun, leading to the equal-area rule over equal time intervals.

How did Kepler develop his second law of motion?(1 point) Responses He compared data of planetary motion at different times along orbits. He compared data of planetary motion at different times along orbits. He invented a telescope that was strong enough to view all planets of the solar system along their orbits. He invented a telescope that was strong enough to view all planets of the solar system along their orbits. He made accurate measurements of the positions of all the planets over many years. He made accurate measurements of the positions of all the planets over many years. He used a telescope to carefully follow and time the orbital motion of Mars.

Kepler developed his second law of planetary motion by comparing data of planetary motion at different times along orbits. He analyzed extensive observational data, particularly that of Mars collected by Tycho Brahe, to understand how planets move in relation to the sun, leading to his formulation of the law regarding areas swept out over time.