The establishment and acceptance of the Bill of Rights involved prominent figures such as Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and the Anti-Federalists. Following the drafting of the U.S. Constitution in 1787, the Anti-Federalists voiced strong objections regarding the absence of explicit guarantees for individual liberties, fearing that a powerful central authority could result in tyranny. In contrast, Hamilton contended that a Bill of Rights was unnecessary since the government was confined to the powers explicitly granted by the Constitution and therefore could not infringe upon rights that were not enumerated. Conversely, James Madison, who initially opposed the idea of a Bill of Rights, came to recognize the necessity of addressing these concerns to enable the Constitution's ratification. He assumed a significant role in formulating the amendments, ultimately endorsing the Bill of Rights. This endeavor culminated in the ratification of the first ten amendments in 1791, which aimed to protect individual freedoms and alleviate the anxieties raised by the Anti-Federalists, thereby promoting wider acceptance of the new government.

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