(The lack of a national currency, The absence of a Bill of Rights, The power of the judicial branch, The lack of state governments) was a primary concern of the Anti-Federalists during the ratification debates.

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The primary concern of the Anti-Federalists during the ratification debates centered around the absence of a Bill of Rights. The Anti-Federalists were wary of the potential for tyranny in a strong centralized government established by the Constitution. They argued that without explicit protections for individual liberties, citizens would be vulnerable to abuses of power. While other issues, such as the lack of a national currency and the power of the judicial branch, were significant, the absence of clear protections for individual rights was a galvanizing point for their opposition to the Constitution.