An independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effect, while a dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured.
To determine which is which:
- Identify what you are changing (independent variable).
- Identify what you are measuring or observing (dependent variable).
For example, in a study on how sunlight affects plant growth, sunlight is the independent variable, and plant growth is the dependent variable.
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