The key challenge faced by the early American republic after the Revolutionary War is best described by:
The creation of a strong central government to address issues of state sovereignty and weak federal authority.
After the Revolutionary War, the Articles of Confederation created a weak central government that struggled to govern effectively, leading to various issues such as economic instability and inability to maintain order. This prompted debates and eventually the Constitutional Convention, where the U.S. Constitution was drafted to create a stronger federal government.