UESTION 3

Sure! Let's go through each of your questions one at a time.

### Question 3

**3.1 Provide a definition for the term model. (1 x 1)**
A model is a simplified representation of a complex reality used to explain, predict, or analyze a certain phenomenon or system.

**3.2 What does the Rostow development model seek to explain? (1 x 2)**
Rostow’s development model seeks to explain the stages of economic growth that countries undergo as they develop from a traditional society to a modern industrial economy. It outlines a linear progression through five distinct stages of development.

**3.3 Explain two criticisms of Rostow’s development model. (2 x 2)**
1. **Overly Simplistic**: Critics argue that the model presents an overly simplistic view of development, suggesting that all countries follow the same linear path, ignoring the complexities and variations in social, political, and cultural factors that influence a country's development trajectory.

2. **Historical Inaccuracies**: Some critiques point out that the model is based on the historical experience of Western countries, particularly the United States and Europe, and does not adequately account for the unique historical circumstances and variations in development experiences of non-Western countries.

**3.4 Choose any four stages of Rostow’s development model, and in a paragraph of approximately eight lines, give a detailed explanation of what occurs at each stage. (4 x 2)**
Rostow’s model consists of five stages of development. In the **Traditional Society** stage, economies are primarily agrarian, with limited technological advancement, and social structures tend to be stagnant. The second stage, **Pre-Conditions for Take-Off**, is characterized by the introduction of infrastructure, investment in education, and a shift from subsistence agriculture to more commercial ventures, setting the stage for growth. The **Take-Off** stage witnesses rapid industrialization, urbanization, and significant economic growth as investments are made in manufacturing and industry, leading to increased productivity. Lastly, during the **Drive to Maturity** stage, the economy diversifies further, technological advancements spread across sectors, and there is an increase in self-sustaining growth, with improved living standards and social changes occurring alongside.

---

### Question 4

**4.1 Define globalisation. (1 x 1)**
Globalisation refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries and cultures through trade, investment, technology, and communication, resulting in the exchange of ideas, goods, services, and people across borders.

**4.2 Explain how trade and globalisation are related. (1 x 2)**
Trade is a fundamental component of globalisation, as it enables countries to exchange goods and services, thereby fostering economic integration and interdependence. As countries engage in trade, they become more interconnected, leading to the global exchange of cultural and economic practices, technological advancements, and collaborative efforts.

**4.3 List two criticisms of free trade. (2 x 1)**
1. **Job Losses**: Critics argue that free trade can lead to job losses in certain industries, as companies relocate to countries with cheaper labor, putting workers in higher-wage countries at risk.

2. **Exploitation of Labor**: Free trade can result in labor exploitation, as companies may take advantage of lower labor standards in developing countries, leading to poor working conditions and inadequate wages for workers.

Feel free to ask if you need further elaboration on any of the answers!