Question

Early caliphs ruled their empire from the city of

Answer 1

Early caliphs ruled their empire from the city of Damascus, which was the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate. Later, during the Abbasid Caliphate, the capital moved to Baghdad. The Umayyads ruled from 661 to 750 CE, and the Abbasids ruled from 750 to 1258 CE, marking significant periods in Islamic history.