15. Based on a comparison of the Zhou and Qin dynasties, when do empires fall? (1 point)

Empires tend to fall due to a combination of internal and external factors. Based on a comparison of the Zhou and Qin dynasties, several key reasons for the fall of empires can be identified:

1. **Internal Strife**: The Zhou dynasty faced significant internal divisions and feudal fragmentation, which weakened centralized control and led to conflicts among vassal states. Similarly, the Qin dynasty, despite its initial strength, faced resistance to its harsh legalist policies, leading to civil unrest.

2. **Overextension**: Empires often expand beyond their means. The Qin, for example, rapidly expanded but struggled to maintain control over its vast territories and their diverse populations.

3. **Economic Issues**: Economic difficulties, whether due to over taxation, resource depletion, or failure to adapt to changing economic conditions, can contribute to decline. Both dynasties faced economic challenges that strained their resources and governance.

4. **Loss of Legitimacy**: Empires can lose the support and loyalty of their subjects. The Qin dynasty, known for its brutality and heavy-handed governance, faced significant rebellion due to its loss of legitimacy in the eyes of the people.

5. **External Threats**: Constant threats from neighboring states or invading forces can hasten the fall of an empire. The Zhou faced invasions and conflicts that fragmented their rule, while the Qin’s military campaigns stretched its resources thin and led to weakness against uprisings.

In summary, empires fall due to a mix of internal decay, economic struggles, loss of legitimacy, overextension, and external threats.