Question

Early caliphs ruled their empire from the city of

Answer 1

Early caliphs ruled their empire from the city of **Medina** after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. Later, the capital was moved to **Damascus** during the Umayyad Caliphate, and subsequently, to **Baghdad** during the Abbasid Caliphate. Each city played a significant role in the administration and expansion of the Islamic empire during its respective period.