If the proportion of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere decreased significantly but the amount of atmosphere and the reflective properties of the atmosphere did not change, the most likely effect would be:
The temperature of Earth’s surface would decrease because more heat would escape into space.
This is because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere. A decrease in its concentration would lead to less heat being retained, allowing more heat to escape into space, thus potentially lowering the Earth's surface temperature.