Which statements accurately compare the government systems of Sparta and Carthage

Certainly! Here are some statements that accurately compare the government systems of Sparta and Carthage:

1. **Type of Government**: Sparta was an oligarchic military state governed by a dual kingship (two hereditary kings) and a council of elders known as the Gerousia, along with an assembly. In contrast, Carthage was a republic that combined elements of oligarchy and democracy, with a complex political structure that included elected officials, such as judges (suffetes), and a powerful council of wealthy aristocrats known as the Senate.

2. **Role of the Citizenry**: In Sparta, citizenship was limited to male Spartans and was closely tied to military service; the Spartan society was highly stratified, with helots (serfs) and perioikoi (free non-citizens) having no political rights. In Carthage, while power was concentrated among the elite, there was a broader political participation compared to Sparta, allowing a wider segment of the population (including the wealthy merchant class) to have a voice in governance.

3. **Focus on Military vs. Trade**: Sparta’s government system prioritized a militaristic society and the preparation for war, with an emphasis on discipline and austerity. Carthage, on the other hand, was a major trading power that facilitated commerce and economic growth, reflecting its governmental practices that supported trade and naval power.

4. **Decision-Making Bodies**: The Spartan Gerousia, which included the kings and elders, held significant power in policymaking, and the assembly had limited influence, primarily voting on proposals from the Gerousia. In Carthage, the Senate was the dominant political body, but the popular assembly (composed of citizens) also played a role in decision-making, particularly in electing officials and shaping policies.

5. **Treatment of Non-Citizens**: Sparta focused on a rigid societal structure that subjugated non-citizens (helots) to ensure the dominance of Spartan citizens, creating a system of fear and control. Carthage was more inclusive of various cultures and allowed significant roles for non-noble citizens, especially in commerce and trade, although the political rights of fully enfranchised citizens were limited to the elite.

These comparisons illustrate the significant differences in political structure, citizen engagement, and priorities between the two ancient city-states.