In 3-4 sentences, analyze the way the domestication of plants and animals led to complex societies.

The domestication of plants and animals fundamentally transformed human societies by enabling stable food production, which allowed populations to grow and settle in one place. This agricultural surplus facilitated the formation of complex social structures, as it created opportunities for trade, specialization of labor, and the development of governing bodies. With food security, communities could support non-farming roles such as artisans, leaders, and religious figures, ultimately leading to the rise of cities and civilizations. Consequently, the stability provided by domestication was pivotal in fostering technological advancements and cultural achievements, laying the groundwork for modern society.