The Incas made notable advances in the field of surgery, particularly in trepanation, which is the practice of drilling holes into the skull. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Incas performed this procedure with a high level of skill. They used various tools, including sharpened stones, and demonstrated an understanding of the human skull and the brain. Interestingly, many individuals who underwent trepanation survived the procedure, indicating that the Incas had effective techniques for surgery and post-operative care.
Additionally, they also had knowledge of herbal medicine, using a variety of plants for medicinal purposes, showcasing their advanced understanding of natural remedies. Overall, Inca medicine combined surgical techniques with a strong foundation in herbal remedies.