The term "birthplace of civilization" is often used to refer to the region known as Mesopotamia, which is located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Turkey. This area is where some of the earliest complex societies emerged, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Mesopotamia is credited with many significant developments in human history, including the invention of writing (cuneiform), the wheel, early forms of government, and advancements in mathematics and astronomy. Other regions, such as the Nile Valley in Egypt and the Indus Valley, are also considered influential in the development of early civilizations.
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