Increases in the concentration of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere lead to warming of the Earth's global climate. This is because greenhouse gases, such as CO2 (carbon dioxide), limit the passage of ultraviolet radiation through the Earth's atmosphere.

Figure 1 shows levels of atmospheric CO2 over the past 400,000 years. As Figure 1 shows, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 has risen to a higher level than at any other time in the last 400,000 years. Figure 2 shows levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration since 1750. Both figures support the hypothesis that the rate of increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has been rising dramatically.

Many scientists have connected this dramatic increase in atmospheric CO2 to human activities—mainly the burning of fossil fuels and mass deforestation—that transfer stored carbon from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere. Although CO2 levels have been higher at other points in Earth's history, the high rate of increase demonstrated over the past two centuries has raised questions about how the global climate will respond to an increased greenhouse effect.

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