Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is formed from one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. In this molecule, carbon forms covalent bonds with oxygen.
Specifically, each carbon-oxygen bond is a double bond, where two pairs of electrons are shared between the carbon and each oxygen atom. Thus, carbon forms two double bonds with two oxygen atoms, amounting to a total of four covalent bonds (two double bonds).
So the correct answer is:
C: four covalent bonds.