Read the following verses from the Analects:

Question

“The Master said, ‘If one is guided by profit in one’s actions, one will incur much ill will.’”
“The Master said, ‘The gentleman understands what is moral. The small man understands what is profitable.’”
Based on these verses, what does Confucius recognize about specific attitudes toward specific social classes in ancient China?

(1 point)
Responses

The Shi were held in low esteem because they did not practice moral behavior when running the government.
The Shi were held in low esteem because they did not practice moral behavior when running the government.

The low positions held by the Nong meant that they were seen by the higher-ranking members of Chinese society as being lazy and greedy.
The low positions held by the Nong meant that they were seen by the higher-ranking members of Chinese society as being lazy and greedy.

The Shang class were viewed with disrespect because their greed threatened natural harmony.
The Shang class were viewed with disrespect because their greed threatened natural harmony.

The Gong were held in lower respect than the Shang because they produced goods with their hands.

Answer 1

Based on the verses from the Analects, Confucius emphasizes the importance of moral understanding over the pursuit of profit. This suggests a distinction between the "gentleman" (a person of moral integrity) and the "small man" (one who prioritizes profit).

Thus, the most relevant response that aligns with Confucius' views would be:

The Shi were held in low esteem because they did not practice moral behavior when running the government.

This choice reflects Confucius’ disdain for those who prioritize material gain over ethical principles, which aligns with his teachings on morality and governance. The Shi, as the scholarly class, were expected to embody virtue, and a failure to do so would warrant criticism from Confucius.