Question

Is axial bonds parallel to the axis of ring or perpendicular to the axis of ring

Answer 1

In cyclohexane and similar cyclic compounds, axial bonds are oriented perpendicular to the plane of the ring. Specifically, in a chair conformer of cyclohexane, axial bonds point straight up or straight down from the ring plane, which is perpendicular to the axis of the ring. In contrast, equatorial bonds are oriented outward from the ring, parallel to the plane of the ring.