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Under the federal system of government in the United States, the powers kept by the federal government are known as **enumerated powers** (option a). These are specifically listed in the U.S. Constitution, primarily in Article I, Section 8.
Here's a brief explanation of the other options:
- **Executive powers** (option b) generally refer to the powers of the executive branch, primarily the President, but this term is not specifically used to describe powers reserved to the federal government as a whole.
- **Reserved powers** (option c) are powers that are not specifically granted to the federal government and are kept by the states, as outlined in the Tenth Amendment.
- **Concurrent powers** (option d) are powers that both the federal government and the state governments can exercise, such as taxation or the ability to borrow money.
So, the correct answer is **a. enumerated powers**.