To separate a solid substance that has dissolved in water, the most effective method from the options provided is: Boil the water away, leaving the substance behind in the beaker.
This method works because dissolving a solid in water creates a solution, and if the solid is soluble, it will not be able to be filtered out. Boiling the water will cause the water to evaporate, leaving any dissolved solids behind (if they are not volatile).
The other options are not suitable for separating a dissolved substance from water:
- Using a magnet would only work if the substance were magnetic, which is typically not the case for dissolved solids.
- Filtration is used for separating insoluble solids from liquids, not for dissolved substances.
- Pouring the liquid along a rough surface would not effectively separate dissolved solids from the water.