To determine which element has the greatest electronegativity among the listed options: carbon, lithium, fluorine, and boron, we can refer to the general trends in electronegativity on the periodic table.
Electronegativity tends to increase from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom in a group.
- Fluorine (F) is located in Group 17 (the halogens) and Period 2, and is known to be the most electronegative element on the periodic table, with an electronegativity value of about 4.0 on the Pauling scale.
- Carbon (C), in Group 14 and Period 2, has a lower electronegativity of about 2.5.
- Boron (B), in Group 13 and Period 2, has an electronegativity of about 2.0.
- Lithium (Li), in Group 1 and Period 2, has the lowest electronegativity among these options, about 1.0.
Therefore, among carbon, lithium, fluorine, and boron, fluorine has the greatest electronegativity.