Geocentric model. Heliocentric model

The statements you've provided compare the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system. Here's a breakdown of each model based on the points you've listed:

### Geocentric Model:
- **Earth is at the center of the solar system**: True. The geocentric model posits that Earth is the center of the universe, with all celestial bodies, including the Sun and planets, revolving around it.
- **Orbits of the planets are circular**: This is what the geocentric model suggested, with circular orbits for the planets in their motions around Earth.
- **Includes five planets**: The traditional geocentric model recognized five planets visible to the naked eye: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, in addition to the Sun and Moon.

### Heliocentric Model:
- **The sun is at the center of the solar system**: True. The heliocentric model, proposed by Copernicus, centers on the Sun as the focal point around which the Earth and other planets revolve.
- **Includes eight planets**: True. The heliocentric model includes all eight planets in the solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
- **Orbits of the planets are elliptical**: This statement aligns with Kepler's laws of planetary motion, which describe that planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths, not perfect circles.

### Summary:
- The **geocentric model** is characterized by Earth-centered circular orbits and traditionally recognizes five planets.
- The **heliocentric model** is characterized by a Sun-centered system, elliptical orbits, and includes all eight solar system planets.