The option that best describes a governmental action that would be considered a violation of the First Amendment is:
The government prohibits the publication of an article that is critical of involvement in a war.
This action is a violation because it involves censorship of speech and press, which is protected under the First Amendment. The other options pertain to certain limitations or legal boundaries that can be construed as constitutional under specific circumstances (such as public safety in the case of permits or incitement to violence).