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"Why Journalism Has A Gender Problem"
by Corinne Segal

The journalism industry is severely lacking in leadership by women and racial minorities, according to the Nieman Reports story published Wednesday. This year's census by the American Society of News Editors (ASNE), which looked at diversity at print newspapers, shows women accounting for 35.4 percent of supervisors. This barely marks an increase from 1999, when women made up 33.8 percent of supervisors. Women run three out of the 25 biggest U.S. titles and one of the top 25 international titles. They make up 37.2 percent of overall newspaper employees, a whole three-tenths of a percent increase from 1999. Racial minorities fare even worse, comprising 13 percent of overall employees. In broadcast newsrooms, women make up 31 percent of news directors and 20 percent of general managers, according to a 2014 survey by the Radio Television Digital News Association. The fewest female leaders appear in radio, where they account for 23 percent of news directors and 18 percent of general managers. The trend is not limited to the U.S., or even to media. A survey of 500 media companies in nearly 60 countries discovered that men hold 73 percent of management positions. And among Fortune 500 CEOs, women account for 4.8 percent. There are, of course, high-profile exceptions; Arianna Huffington and Marissa Meyer among them. The ASNE survey shows women among the top three leaders at 63 percent of print organizations. But according to the numbers, these instances do little to mitigate a larger trend. Many say the imbalance is no accident, and instead the result of professional and social factors that inherently tip the scales for men. Women enter communications schools and the journalism industry at roughly the same numbers as men, according to the Nieman report. From there, the number drops off only one-third of people with 20 or more years of journalism experience are women. One factor in this disparity is the fact that more men than women hold "hard" news beats such as politics and world news, where organizations often turn to hire management. An analysis of thousands of New York Times articles this year showed that men wrote most of the articles in the seven largest sections. And for women serving as primary child caretakers the case in the majority of American families irregular hours and travel make it difficult to commit to these beats, the Nieman report said. Women that make it through the pipeline in many industries face cultural attitudes that favor leadership by men. A Fortune study on performance reviews in the tech industry found that words like "bossy, abrasive, strident, and aggressive" appear in reviews of female leaders more frequently than men. Jill Abramson, who was fired from her position as editor of the New York Times this year, was frequently described as such. A Google search of "Jill Abramson abrasive" yields over 110,000 results. Some have voiced hopes that the emergence of digital media would upend hiring structures that are frequently skewed toward men. As news consumption goes digital, women are leading the way as consumers. Thirty percent of American adults use Facebook for news, and women make up 58 percent of those news consumers, according to a 2014 Pew Research Center report. But men are still leading as the creators in at least several high-profile instances. Vox com and First Look Media were founded this year by men, and FiveThirtyEight was founded by two men and one woman. A Vanity Fair list of media disruptors, released on Wednesday, is comprised almost entirely of white men.

Answer 1

The article "Why Journalism Has A Gender Problem" by Corinne Segal highlights the significant underrepresentation of women and racial minorities in leadership positions within the journalism industry. According to the data from the American Society of News Editors (ASNE), women only account for about 35.4 percent of supervisors in print journalism, with a slight increase from 1999. Racial minorities are even less represented, making up only 13 percent of overall employees. In broadcast newsrooms, women hold only 31 percent of news director positions.

The article points out that while women enter journalism schools in numbers similar to men, they struggle to advance to higher-level positions, particularly in "hard" news areas that tend to lead to management roles. Cultural attitudes and professional biases also contribute to the challenges women face, as evidenced by the negative language often used in performance reviews for female leaders. Despite some successes, such as women being part of the top leadership in 63 percent of print organizations, the overall trend indicates a systematic imbalance favoring men.

The emergence of digital media presents some hope for change, with women being a significant portion of news consumers on platforms like Facebook. However, men continue to dominate as creators in the media landscape. Overall, the article underscores the persistent challenges women and racial minorities face in achieving leadership roles in journalism.