Let's denote the total number of students in the class as
According to the problem:
- One third of the students scored 90% or better:
- Two fifths of the students scored 80%-89%:
To find the fraction of students who scored below 80%, we first need to add the fractions of students who scored 90% or better and those who scored 80%-89%.
We need a common denominator to add these fractions. The least common multiple of 3 and 5 is 15. We can convert the fractions as follows:
Now, we can add these two fractions:
This means that
Therefore, the fraction of students who scored below 80% on the test is