The correct explanation of how the First Amendment limits the power of the government to pass laws is:
**Congress can pass no law respecting or restricting religion, or laws limiting freedoms of speech, assembly, the press, or to petition the government.**
This clause establishes fundamental rights that protect individuals from government interference in their expressions and beliefs, thereby ensuring a framework for a democratic society where citizens can freely voice their opinions, practice their religion, gather peacefully, and seek redress from the government.