A central idea is more complex and specific.
How is a central idea different from a topic?(1 point)
Responses
A central idea gives specific facts or information.
A central idea gives specific facts or information.
A central idea is broader and more general.
A central idea is broader and more general.
A central idea is more complex and specific.
A central idea is more complex and specific.
A central idea gives a detailed explanation of something.
11 answers
“How a Children’s Toy Could Help Fight Malaria”
by Jason Daley
One of the most basic and necessary pieces of equipment in a medical lab is a centrifuge. Often bulky and expensive, this device (in the most simple terms) spins things. And spinning things like blood can separate out its components, allowing doctors to diagnose diseases like malaria. But the lack of electricity and resources in rural regions around the world means no centrifuge. Now, a simple new 20-cent gadget could change all that, and it's based on an unusual source of inspiration: the whirligig.
"There are more than a billion people around the world who have no infrastructure, no roads, no electricity," says Manu Prakash, a physical biologist at Stanford and inventor of the new gadget. When he visited Uganda in 2013 he found that clinics either did not have centrifuges or didn't have the juice to power them. “One clinic used its broken centrifuge as a doorstop,” Prakash tells Devin Powell at Nature.
"I realized that if we wanted to solve a critical problem like malaria diagnosis, we needed to design a human-powered centrifuge that costs less than a cup of coffee,” Prakash says in a press release.
When he returned to Stanford, Parkash began brainstorming ideas with one of his post-docs, Saad Bhamla, examining at all sorts of spinning things, reports Madeline K. Sofia at NPR. They quickly began focusing on old-school, preindustrial toys like yo-yos and whirligigs.
“One night I was playing with a button and string, and out of curiosity, I set up a high-speed camera to see how fast a button whirligig would spin. I couldn’t believe my eyes,” Bhamla says in the press release. The button was rotating at 10,000 to 15,000 rpms.
The pair began prototyping small hand-powered centrifuges based on the whirligig principle. Their final model, the Paperfuge, spins at 125,000 rpm, the equivalent of a centrifuge costing $1,000 to $5,000, according to the press release.
The Paperfuge is made of a disk of paper coated in a polymer, reports Sofia. The disk is attached to two pieces of wood or PVC pipe via string. When the strings are pulled, the disk in the middle spins, acting as a centrifuge for a blood sample attached to the center of the disk. The team describes their work in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering.
Prakash and Bhamla recently returned from successful field trials of the Paperfuge in Madagascar where they used it to test for malaria. While the gadget only takes two minutes to separate blood, reports The Economist, it takes 15 minutes of whirligigging for malaria-diagnosing separations.
Once the blood is separated, however, it needs to be examined by a microscope. Luckily, several years ago Prakash also created the Foldscope, a $1 paper microscope with optical quality similar to conventional microscopes that will begin distribution in 2018.
Use the article to answer the question.
Which sentence best conveys the central idea of the informational text?
(1 point)
A. "I realized that if we wanted to solve a critical problem like malaria diagnosis, we needed to design a human-powered centrifuge that costs less than a cup of coffee," Prakash says in a press release.
B. One of the most basic and necessary pieces of equipment in medical labs is a centrifuge.
C. While the gadget only takes two minutes to separate blood, reports The Economist, it takes 15 minutes of whirligigging for malaria-diagnosing separations.
D. The pair began prototyping small hand-powered centrifuges based on the whirligig principle.
by Jason Daley
One of the most basic and necessary pieces of equipment in a medical lab is a centrifuge. Often bulky and expensive, this device (in the most simple terms) spins things. And spinning things like blood can separate out its components, allowing doctors to diagnose diseases like malaria. But the lack of electricity and resources in rural regions around the world means no centrifuge. Now, a simple new 20-cent gadget could change all that, and it's based on an unusual source of inspiration: the whirligig.
"There are more than a billion people around the world who have no infrastructure, no roads, no electricity," says Manu Prakash, a physical biologist at Stanford and inventor of the new gadget. When he visited Uganda in 2013 he found that clinics either did not have centrifuges or didn't have the juice to power them. “One clinic used its broken centrifuge as a doorstop,” Prakash tells Devin Powell at Nature.
"I realized that if we wanted to solve a critical problem like malaria diagnosis, we needed to design a human-powered centrifuge that costs less than a cup of coffee,” Prakash says in a press release.
When he returned to Stanford, Parkash began brainstorming ideas with one of his post-docs, Saad Bhamla, examining at all sorts of spinning things, reports Madeline K. Sofia at NPR. They quickly began focusing on old-school, preindustrial toys like yo-yos and whirligigs.
“One night I was playing with a button and string, and out of curiosity, I set up a high-speed camera to see how fast a button whirligig would spin. I couldn’t believe my eyes,” Bhamla says in the press release. The button was rotating at 10,000 to 15,000 rpms.
The pair began prototyping small hand-powered centrifuges based on the whirligig principle. Their final model, the Paperfuge, spins at 125,000 rpm, the equivalent of a centrifuge costing $1,000 to $5,000, according to the press release.
The Paperfuge is made of a disk of paper coated in a polymer, reports Sofia. The disk is attached to two pieces of wood or PVC pipe via string. When the strings are pulled, the disk in the middle spins, acting as a centrifuge for a blood sample attached to the center of the disk. The team describes their work in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering.
Prakash and Bhamla recently returned from successful field trials of the Paperfuge in Madagascar where they used it to test for malaria. While the gadget only takes two minutes to separate blood, reports The Economist, it takes 15 minutes of whirligigging for malaria-diagnosing separations.
Once the blood is separated, however, it needs to be examined by a microscope. Luckily, several years ago Prakash also created the Foldscope, a $1 paper microscope with optical quality similar to conventional microscopes that will begin distribution in 2018.
Use the article to answer the question.
Which sentence best conveys the central idea of the informational text?
(1 point)
A. "I realized that if we wanted to solve a critical problem like malaria diagnosis, we needed to design a human-powered centrifuge that costs less than a cup of coffee," Prakash says in a press release.
B. One of the most basic and necessary pieces of equipment in medical labs is a centrifuge.
C. While the gadget only takes two minutes to separate blood, reports The Economist, it takes 15 minutes of whirligigging for malaria-diagnosing separations.
D. The pair began prototyping small hand-powered centrifuges based on the whirligig principle.
The sentence that best conveys the central idea of the informational text is:
A. "I realized that if we wanted to solve a critical problem like malaria diagnosis, we needed to design a human-powered centrifuge that costs less than a cup of coffee," Prakash says in a press release.
This sentence encapsulates the main theme of the article, which revolves around creating an affordable, human-powered centrifuge to improve malaria diagnosis in resource-limited settings.
"Why Journalism Has A Gender Problem"
by Corinne Segal
The journalism industry is severely lacking in leadership by women and racial minorities, according to the Nieman Reports story published Wednesday.
This year’s census by the American Society of News Editors (ASNE), which looked at diversity at print newspapers, shows women accounting for 35.4 percent of supervisors. This barely marks an increase from 1999, when women made up 33.8 percent of supervisors. Women run three out of the 25 biggest U.S. titles and one of the top 25 international titles. They make up 37.2 percent of overall newspaper employees, a whole three-tenths of a percent increase from 1999. Racial minorities fare even worse, comprising 13 percent of overall employees. In broadcast newsrooms, women make up 31 percent of news directors and 20 percent of general managers, according to a 2014 survey by the Radio Television Digital News Association. The fewest female leaders appear in radio, where they account for 23 percent of news directors and 18 percent of general managers. The trend is not limited to the U.S., or even to media. A survey of 500 media companies in nearly 60 countries discovered that men hold 73 percent of management positions. And among Fortune 500 CEOs, women account for 4.8 percent.There are, of course, high-profile exceptions; Arianna Huffington and Marissa Meyer among them. The ASNE survey shows women among the top three leaders at 63 percent of print organizations. But according to the numbers, these instances do little to mitigate a larger trend. Many say the imbalance is no accident, and instead the result of professional and social factors that inherently tip the scales for men. Women enter communications schools and the journalism industry at roughly the same numbers as men, according to the Nieman report. From there, the number drops off — only one-third of people with 20 or more years of journalism experience are women. Women that make it through the pipeline in many industries face cultural attitudes that favor leadership by men. A Fortune study on performance reviews in the tech industry found that words like “bossy, abrasive, strident, and aggressive” appear in reviews of female leaders more frequently than men. Jill Abramson, who was fired from her position as editor of the New York Times this year, was frequently described as such. A Google search of “Jill Abramson abrasive” yields over 110,000 results. One factor in this disparity is the fact that more men than women hold “hard” news beats such as politics and world news, where organizations often turn to hire management. An analysis of thousands of New York Times articles this year showed that men wrote most of the articles in the seven largest sections. And for women serving as primary child caretakers — the case in the majority of American families — irregular hours and travel make it difficult to commit to these beats, the Nieman report said.
Use the article to answer the question.
Which sentences provide evidence that support the claim made in the first paragraph? Select the three correct answers.
(2 points)
A. Women run three out of the 25 biggest U.S. titles and one of the top 25 international titles.
B. A more diverse newsroom can yield a wider range of possibilities for coverage.
C. Racial minorities fare even worse, comprising 13 percent of overall employees.
D. It cited McClatchy, where women serve as 13 out of 29 executive editors, as a company that has done this effectively.
E. One factor in this disparity is the fact that more men than women hold “hard” news beats such as politics and world news, where organizations often turn to hire management.
F. Some have voiced hopes that the emergence of digital media would upend hiring structures that are frequently skewed toward men.
by Corinne Segal
The journalism industry is severely lacking in leadership by women and racial minorities, according to the Nieman Reports story published Wednesday.
This year’s census by the American Society of News Editors (ASNE), which looked at diversity at print newspapers, shows women accounting for 35.4 percent of supervisors. This barely marks an increase from 1999, when women made up 33.8 percent of supervisors. Women run three out of the 25 biggest U.S. titles and one of the top 25 international titles. They make up 37.2 percent of overall newspaper employees, a whole three-tenths of a percent increase from 1999. Racial minorities fare even worse, comprising 13 percent of overall employees. In broadcast newsrooms, women make up 31 percent of news directors and 20 percent of general managers, according to a 2014 survey by the Radio Television Digital News Association. The fewest female leaders appear in radio, where they account for 23 percent of news directors and 18 percent of general managers. The trend is not limited to the U.S., or even to media. A survey of 500 media companies in nearly 60 countries discovered that men hold 73 percent of management positions. And among Fortune 500 CEOs, women account for 4.8 percent.There are, of course, high-profile exceptions; Arianna Huffington and Marissa Meyer among them. The ASNE survey shows women among the top three leaders at 63 percent of print organizations. But according to the numbers, these instances do little to mitigate a larger trend. Many say the imbalance is no accident, and instead the result of professional and social factors that inherently tip the scales for men. Women enter communications schools and the journalism industry at roughly the same numbers as men, according to the Nieman report. From there, the number drops off — only one-third of people with 20 or more years of journalism experience are women. Women that make it through the pipeline in many industries face cultural attitudes that favor leadership by men. A Fortune study on performance reviews in the tech industry found that words like “bossy, abrasive, strident, and aggressive” appear in reviews of female leaders more frequently than men. Jill Abramson, who was fired from her position as editor of the New York Times this year, was frequently described as such. A Google search of “Jill Abramson abrasive” yields over 110,000 results. One factor in this disparity is the fact that more men than women hold “hard” news beats such as politics and world news, where organizations often turn to hire management. An analysis of thousands of New York Times articles this year showed that men wrote most of the articles in the seven largest sections. And for women serving as primary child caretakers — the case in the majority of American families — irregular hours and travel make it difficult to commit to these beats, the Nieman report said.
Use the article to answer the question.
Which sentences provide evidence that support the claim made in the first paragraph? Select the three correct answers.
(2 points)
A. Women run three out of the 25 biggest U.S. titles and one of the top 25 international titles.
B. A more diverse newsroom can yield a wider range of possibilities for coverage.
C. Racial minorities fare even worse, comprising 13 percent of overall employees.
D. It cited McClatchy, where women serve as 13 out of 29 executive editors, as a company that has done this effectively.
E. One factor in this disparity is the fact that more men than women hold “hard” news beats such as politics and world news, where organizations often turn to hire management.
F. Some have voiced hopes that the emergence of digital media would upend hiring structures that are frequently skewed toward men.
The sentences that provide evidence supporting the claim made in the first paragraph are:
A. Women run three out of the 25 biggest U.S. titles and one of the top 25 international titles.
C. Racial minorities fare even worse, comprising 13 percent of overall employees.
E. One factor in this disparity is the fact that more men than women hold “hard” news beats such as politics and world news, where organizations often turn to hire management.
These sentences provide specific statistics and observations that illustrate the lack of leadership by women and racial minorities in the journalism industry, which aligns with the claims in the introductory paragraph.
What methods can authors use to help readers navigate the evidence in a text? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
Responses
keeping the text as short as possible
keeping the text as short as possible
separating a long text into chapters
separating a long text into chapters
using headings or subheadings in a short text
using headings or subheadings in a short text
presenting a claim and evidence
presenting a claim and evidence
asking readers questions within the text
Responses
keeping the text as short as possible
keeping the text as short as possible
separating a long text into chapters
separating a long text into chapters
using headings or subheadings in a short text
using headings or subheadings in a short text
presenting a claim and evidence
presenting a claim and evidence
asking readers questions within the text
The two correct answers are:
- using headings or subheadings in a short text
- presenting a claim and evidence
These methods help guide readers through the text and clarify the structure and arguments being made.
What question would best help a writer determine the logical sequence of a text?(1 point)
Responses
What is the intended tone of the text?
What is the intended tone of the text?
How would I summarize this body paragraph?
How would I summarize this body paragraph?
What did I learn from the sources that I quoted?
What did I learn from the sources that I quoted?
What would I need to know first to understand this point?
Responses
What is the intended tone of the text?
What is the intended tone of the text?
How would I summarize this body paragraph?
How would I summarize this body paragraph?
What did I learn from the sources that I quoted?
What did I learn from the sources that I quoted?
What would I need to know first to understand this point?
The question that would best help a writer determine the logical sequence of a text is:
What would I need to know first to understand this point?
This question encourages the writer to consider the necessary background information and context that should be presented in a logical order to enhance understanding.
"Are Commercial Honeybees Making Wild Bees Sick?"
by Berly McCoy
The team then measured the number of viruses stuck to each bee. Just because an animal has a virus on its outside doesn’t mean it has an infection. You may have touched your friend’s influenza-soaked tissue, but washed your hands before the flu infected you. So the researchers also tested each bee for virus genetic material, which is only made once the virus infects a host.
Use the paragraph to answer the question.
Which details would be most important to include in a summary of this paragraph? Select the two correct answers.
(1 point)
Responses
A person can touch a tissue that has flu viruses on it without getting infected.
A person can touch a tissue that has flu viruses on it without getting infected.
Scientists tested each bee for virus genetic material.
Scientists tested each bee for virus genetic material.
A bee having a virus on its outside does not mean it is infected.
A bee having a virus on its outside does not mean it is infected.
A bee makes virus genetic material after it gets infected.
A bee makes virus genetic material after it gets infected.
Scientists measured the number of viruses stuck to each bee.
by Berly McCoy
The team then measured the number of viruses stuck to each bee. Just because an animal has a virus on its outside doesn’t mean it has an infection. You may have touched your friend’s influenza-soaked tissue, but washed your hands before the flu infected you. So the researchers also tested each bee for virus genetic material, which is only made once the virus infects a host.
Use the paragraph to answer the question.
Which details would be most important to include in a summary of this paragraph? Select the two correct answers.
(1 point)
Responses
A person can touch a tissue that has flu viruses on it without getting infected.
A person can touch a tissue that has flu viruses on it without getting infected.
Scientists tested each bee for virus genetic material.
Scientists tested each bee for virus genetic material.
A bee having a virus on its outside does not mean it is infected.
A bee having a virus on its outside does not mean it is infected.
A bee makes virus genetic material after it gets infected.
A bee makes virus genetic material after it gets infected.
Scientists measured the number of viruses stuck to each bee.
The two details that would be most important to include in a summary of the paragraph are:
- Scientists tested each bee for virus genetic material.
- A bee having a virus on its outside does not mean it is infected.
These details capture the main findings and clarifications made by the researchers regarding the presence of viruses on bees and the distinction between surface presence and actual infection.