To understand the impacts of Europeans on the Americas during the Age of Exploration, the most valuable primary source would be:
Oral histories and traditions passed down through generations within Native American communities.
This source is particularly valuable because it provides perspectives on the effects of European exploration and colonization from the viewpoint of Indigenous peoples, who experienced the consequences of these events firsthand. While the other options offer important insights, they primarily reflect European viewpoints and policies, which may not fully capture the experiences and impacts felt by Native American communities.