Here is the classification of the powers listed as either concurrent (shared by both state and local governments) or local (specific to state or local entities).
- tax - Concurrent
- take private property for public purposes with just compensation - Concurrent
- borrow money - Concurrent
- coin money - Local (only the federal government can coin money)
- sets tax rate on property - Local
- regulate commerce with foreign countries - Local (only the federal government can regulate foreign commerce)
- Regulate commerce (trade) within a state - Local
- Regulate commerce between states - Local (only the federal government can regulate interstate commerce)
- spend money for the general welfare - Concurrent
- charter banks and corporations - Local
- make and enforce statutes - Local
- conduct foreign relations - Local (only the federal government can conduct foreign relations)
- make laws "necessary and proper" to carry out these powers - Local
- declare and conduct war - Local (only the federal government can declare and conduct war)
- pass ordinances - Local
Note: Some powers classified as "local" can also be interpreted as federal powers since they are specifically reserved for the federal government. The categorizations provided are based on the common interpretations of authority between federal, state, and local governments in the United States.