One advantage of a federal system of government over a confederal system is that a federal system provides a stronger central authority and more cohesive governance. In a federal system, power is divided between a central government and subnational entities (like states or provinces), allowing for the establishment of unified national policies and programs that can be implemented consistently across the entire country.
This stronger central authority can effectively handle issues that require coordination, such as national defense, foreign relations, and economic policy. In contrast, a confederal system is often characterized by a loose alliance of independent states that retain most of the power for themselves, which can lead to challenges in decision-making and implementation of policies, as agreements or actions require the consensus of all member states. This can hinder responses to crises or the ability to enforce laws uniformly, providing less stability and effectiveness compared to a federal system.
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