The action that was an economic cause of increased tensions between the North and South among the options provided is Protective tariffs.
Protective tariffs were designed to protect Northern industries by raising the costs of imported goods. The South, which relied heavily on agriculture and importing goods, opposed these tariffs as they increased prices for consumers and negatively impacted the Southern economy. This economic disparity contributed to growing tensions between the two regions.
The other options had various political and social implications, but protective tariffs are directly linked to economic factors causing tension.
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