To compare and contrast a provirus and viral DNA, we can clarify the definitions of each term:
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Provirus: A provirus is viral DNA that has been integrated into the host cell's DNA. This incorporation allows the viral genetic material to be replicated along with the host's DNA during cell division, potentially leading to the production of new viral particles when the host cell activates the viral genes.
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Viral DNA: Viral DNA refers to the genetic material of a virus that exists in its standalone form before it integrates into the host genome or after replication. It does not imply any association with the host's DNA until the integration occurs.
Now, contrasting them:
- Integration: A provirus is specifically viral DNA that has integrated into the host's DNA, while viral DNA can exist independently and may not necessarily be integrated into the host genome.
- Status in the host: A provirus typically exists in a dormant state within the host cell's genome, whereas viral DNA outside the context of a provirus might be in a more active or replicative state.
In summary, the correct response would be: A provirus is viral DNA incorporated into the host cell’s DNA. This highlights the significant difference between the two concepts, emphasizing the integration of the viral DNA into the host genome in the case of a provirus.