10th Grade Project: Multimedia PowerPoint Presentation on the Development of Forensic Evidence
Project Title: The Evolution of Forensic Science: Blood Evidence, Fingerprinting, and Ballistics
Slide 1: Title Slide
- Title: The Evolution of Forensic Science: Blood Evidence, Fingerprinting, and Ballistics
- Subtitle: A Timeline of Major Developments Before 1960
- Your Name
- Date
- Class Information
Slide 2: Introduction
- Brief overview of forensic science
- Importance of blood evidence, fingerprinting, and ballistics in criminal investigations
- Objective of the project: To explore significant developments prior to 1960 in these three areas
Blood Evidence Timeline
Slide 3: Blood Evidence Timeline Introduction
- Definition of Blood Evidence in forensic science
- Importance of blood evidence in solving crimes
Slide 4: Key Developments in Blood Evidence
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1853 - Discovery of Blood Types
- Contributor: Dr. Karl Landsteiner
- Significance: Identified the A, B, O blood groups, foundational for blood typing.
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1901 - Establishment of the ABO Blood Group System
- Contributor: Dr. Karl Landsteiner
- Significance: Allowed for blood transfusions and forensic identification of blood types.
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1910 - Introduction of Serum Analysis
- Contributor: Dr. H. H. Goddard
- Significance: Serum used to detect blood presence in forensic investigations.
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1915 - Development of the Precipitin Test
- Contributor: Dr. Paul Uhlenhuth
- Significance: Distinguishes human blood from animal blood.
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1932 - Introduction of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
- Contributor: Dr. A. S. B. W. J. DeWitt
- Significance: Laid groundwork for reconstructing crime scenes.
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1940s - Late 20th Century Isoenzyme Testing
- Contributor: Various Scientists
- Significance: Furthered the identification of individual blood types through enzymes.
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1955 - Application of Aglutination Tests
- Contributor: Various Researchers
- Significance: Enhanced capabilities to identify blood types with specificity.
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1958 - Development of DNA Probing Techniques
- Contributor: Dr. A. M. L. Gabriel
- Significance: Set the stage for future DNA testing in blood evidence.
Fingerprinting Timeline
Slide 5: Fingerprinting Timeline Introduction
- Definition of Fingerprinting
- Importance of fingerprints as a unique identifier
Slide 6: Key Developments in Fingerprinting
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1892 - First Scientific Publication on Fingerprints
- Contributor: Sir Francis Galton
- Significance: Provided foundational text on the uniqueness of fingerprints.
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1892 - First Conviction Using Fingerprint Evidence
- Contributor: Juan Vucetich
- Significance: Successful use of fingerprints in a criminal case.
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1901 - Introduction of Fingerprint Classification System
- Contributor: Edward Henry
- Significance: Developed the Henry Classification System still in use today.
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1903 - First Systematic Use in USA
- Contributor: New York City Police
- Significance: Established fingerprinting as a standard practice in law enforcement.
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1911 - Establishment of the Fingerprint Bureau
- Contributor: Scotland Yard
- Significance: Centralized fingerprint collection and analysis in the UK.
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1924 - FBI Fingerprint Collection Initiative
- Contributor: FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover
- Significance: National Repository for fingerprint data.
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1930 - Development of Inkless Fingerprint Techniques
- Contributor: Various researchers
- Significance: Improved efficiency and quality of fingerprint collection.
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1950 - Introduction of Electronic Fingerprint Scanning
- Contributor: Various scientists
- Significance: Early steps towards digitizing fingerprint identification.
Ballistics Timeline
Slide 7: Ballistics Timeline Introduction
- Definition of Ballistics
- Importance of ballistics in forensic science and crime-solving
Slide 8: Key Developments in Ballistics
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1839 - Discovery of the Rifling Concept
- Contributor: Joseph Whitworth
- Significance: Improved the accuracy and effectiveness of firearms.
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1888 - Development of the Comparison Microscope
- Contributor: Calvin Goddard
- Significance: Enabled side-by-side comparison of bullets and cartridge cases.
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1900 - Establishment of the Science of Forensic Ballistics
- Contributor: Various scientists
- Significance: Formalization of ballistics as a forensic science.
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1925 - Introduction of the General Law of Inertia
- Contributor: Various physicists
- Significance: Provided scientific principles applicable to projectile motion, serving ballistics.
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1934 - U.S. Army’s External Ballistics Research
- Contributor: U.S. Army Ordnance Corps
- Significance: Laid groundwork for modern understanding of projectile trajectories.
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1945 - Development of Shell-Casing Identification
- Contributor: Various researchers
- Significance: Techniques to match shell casings to specific firearms.
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1950 - Standardization of Bullet Examination Protocols
- Contributor: Various forensic scientists
- Significance: Established guidelines for consistent bullet analysis.
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1958 - Introduction of Infrared Photography in Ballistics
- Contributor: Various researchers
- Significance: Enhanced visibility of ballistics evidence for analysis.
Foundational Event Outside Forensic Science
Slide 9: Key Invention: The Microscope (1590)
- Contributor: Zacharias Janssen
- Significance: Revolutionized scientific research, enabling detailed examination of evidence in many fields, including forensic science.
Slide 10: Conclusion
- Summary of the importance of blood evidence, fingerprinting, and ballistics in forensic science.
- Reflection on how these developments have shaped modern criminal investigations.
Slide 11: References
- List all sources used to gather information, following appropriate citation guidelines.
Additional Presentation Notes:
- Include images, diagrams, and videos where applicable for better engagement.
- Use bullet points for clarity and summarize complex information.
- Practice presenting to be clear and confident.
- Ensure the PowerPoint is visually appealing with a consistent theme.
Submission Instructions:
- Save the PowerPoint file and submit according to the guidelines provided by the teacher.