Question

Which statement accurately compares the social structures of Egypt and Mesopotamia?
• Merchants were more important in ancient Egypt.
• Priests and priestess were closer to the pharaoh in ancient Egypt.
• Enslaved people were a part of the middle class in Mesopotamia.
• Scribes were a part of the lower class in Egypt.

Answer 1

The statement that accurately compares the social structures of Egypt and Mesopotamia is:

• **Priests and priestesses were closer to the pharaoh in ancient Egypt.**

In ancient Egypt, the religious hierarchy played a significant role, and priests and priestesses held considerable power, often coming directly under the pharaoh, who was considered a divine figure. In contrast, Mesopotamian priests also held power but were typically more numerous and less central to the king's authority.

The other statements are inaccurate:
- Merchants were important in both societies, but Egypt generally emphasized more stability and less trade-centric social mobility compared to Mesopotamia.
- Enslaved people were often considered part of the lower class or labor force in both societies, not the middle class.
- Scribes in Egypt were actually among the upper echelons of society due to their literacy and importance in administration.