Question

1)State two functions of saliva
2)Name 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀 𝗲𝗻𝘇𝘆𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗱𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘀
3)𝗔 𝗽𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗱𝗼𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗽𝘂𝗽𝗽𝘆 𝘀𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱.𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗺𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗯𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵
4)𝗮)𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗯𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗹𝗲𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗿 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗶𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗹𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗺𝗮𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗽
𝗯)𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴;
𝗶)𝗦𝗮𝗽 𝘃𝗮𝗰𝘂𝗼𝗹𝗲
𝗶𝗶)𝗡𝘂𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘀
5)𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗴𝗲 𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗺𝗻𝗶𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗶𝗱
6)𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗸𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝘄𝗵𝘆 𝗮 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗴𝗻𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝘄𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗱𝗼𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲𝘁𝘀 𝗱𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘆
7)𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗺;
𝗮)𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
𝗯)𝗛𝗮𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀
𝗰)𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗼𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀
8)𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗳𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁;
𝗮𝗚𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
𝗯)𝗢𝘅𝘆𝗴𝗲𝗻 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻

Answer 1

Here are the answers to your questions:

1) **Functions of Saliva:**
- **Digestion:** Saliva contains enzymes like amylase that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates in food.
- **Lubrication:** Saliva moistens food, making it easier to chew and swallow.

2) **Cell Organelle Containing Enzymes for Cell Repair:**
- **Lysosomes:** These organelles contain digestive enzymes that can break down damaged cells and their components.

3) **Characteristics of Living Organisms Inferred from the Photograph of a Dog and a Puppy Suckling:**
- **Reproduction:** The presence of a puppy indicates that living organisms reproduce.
- **Growth and Development:** The puppy demonstrates growth as it develops from a newborn to a more mature dog.
- **Nurture and Care:** The interaction between the dog and the puppy suggests nurturing behavior, which is a characteristic of living organisms.

4) (a) **Biological Knowledge Required in Dealing with Locusts that Infect Maize Crops:**
- **Entomology:** Understanding insect behavior, life cycles, and control measures is crucial for managing locust populations and mitigating crop damage.

(b) **Functions of the Following:**
- (i) **Sap Vacuole:** The sap vacuole stores nutrients, waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
- (ii) **Nucleolus:** The nucleolus is responsible for the production and assembly of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

5) **Functions:**
- **Umbilical Cord:** The umbilical cord facilitates the transport of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus.
- **Amniotic Fluid:** Amniotic fluid acts as a cushion for the fetus, providing protection and allowing for movement.

6) **Reason for Supplementation of Iron Tablets to Pregnant Women:**
- Pregnant women are often supplied with iron tablets daily to prevent iron deficiency anemia, which can occur due to increased blood volume and the growing fetus's iron needs. Adequate iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to both the mother and the developing baby.

7) **Biological Terms:**
- (a) **Crenation:** The process by which cells lose water and shrink in a hypertonic solution.
- (b) **Haemolysis:** The rupture or destruction of red blood cells, resulting in the release of hemoglobin.
- (c) **Plasmolysis:** The process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution, leading to the withdrawal of the cell membrane from the cell wall in plant cells.

8) **How the Following Factors Affect the Rate of Transport:**
- (a) **Glucose Concentration:** An increase in glucose concentration usually enhances the rate of transport as more glucose molecules are available for uptake.
- (b) **Oxygen Concentration:** Higher oxygen concentration increases the rate of cellular respiration, which can enhance the transport of oxygen to cells through diffusion processes.