The elements in each column (or group) of the representative elements series (groups 1, 2, and 13-18 of the periodic table) share several common properties. These properties mainly stem from their similar electron configurations. Here are some key characteristics they have in common:
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Valence Electrons: Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which significantly influence their chemical properties. For example, all elements in Group 1 have one valence electron, while those in Group 2 have two.
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Similar Chemical Behaviors: Due to the similarity in their valence electron configurations, elements in the same group tend to react similarly with other elements. For instance, alkali metals (Group 1) are highly reactive, while the noble gases (Group 18) are largely inert.
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Trends in Reactivity: Within each group, reactivity can show predictable trends. For example, as you move down Group 1, reactivity increases, while for Group 17 (the halogens), reactivity decreases as you move down the group.
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Ionic Charge: Elements in the same group often form ions with similar charges. For example, elements in Group 1 typically form +1 ions, while those in Group 2 form +2 ions.
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Physical Properties: While there can be significant variation, certain trends emerge in physical properties like melting and boiling points, density, and atomic size as you move down a group.
In summary, the representative elements in each column of the periodic table share common properties primarily due to their similar valence electron configurations, which determine their chemical behavior and other characteristics.
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