The four primary Indigenous nations in North America—commonly referring to nations such as the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), Cherokee, Sioux, and Pueblo—cultivated several crops that were important to their diets and cultures. The crops they had in common included:
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Maize (Corn) - A staple crop that was fundamental to many Indigenous diets. It was used in various dishes and was sometimes seen as a sacred crop.
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Beans - Often grown alongside corn, beans provided essential proteins and nutrients. The combination of corn, beans, and squash is sometimes referred to as the "Three Sisters," reflecting their complementary growing patterns and nutritional benefits.
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Squash - Like beans, squash was cultivated alongside corn and was vital for sustenance.
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Pumpkins - A type of squash, pumpkins were also grown and utilized by many nations.
These crops were not only staples of the diet but also held cultural and spiritual significance for many Indigenous peoples. Each nation had its distinct agricultural practices, but these core crops were widely recognized and utilized across various tribes.
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