List some organic compounds with their IUPAC and common name with their structures

Question

GPT-4o mini · Answer

Here are some examples of organic compounds along with their IUPAC names, common names, and descriptions of their structures. Since I can't draw structures directly, I will describe the molecular structure in words. You can easily visualize or draw these using various molecular modeling software or online resources.

1. Methane

IUPAC Name: Methane
Common Name: Methane
Structure: \( CH_4 \) - A colorless gas at room temperature with a central carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms, arranged in a tetrahedral geometry.

2. Ethanol

IUPAC Name: Ethanol
Common Name: Ethyl alcohol
Structure: \( C_2H_5OH \) - A two-carbon chain with a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to one carbon. It appears as a straight chain with the structure:
```
     H
     |
H - C - C - O - H
     |   |
     H   H
```

3. Acetic Acid

IUPAC Name: Ethanoic acid
Common Name: Acetic acid
Structure: \( C_2H_4O_2 \) - A two-carbon chain where one carbon forms a carboxylic acid group (–COOH). The structure can be shown as:
```
     O
     ||
H - C - C - O - H
     |   |
     H   H
```

4. Benzene

IUPAC Name: Benzene
Common Name: Benzene
Structure: \( C_6H_6 \) - A six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds (aromatic), often represented as a hexagon with a circle inside.

5. Cyclohexane

IUPAC Name: Cyclohexane
Common Name: Cyclohexane
Structure: \( C_6H_{12} \) - A six-carbon ring structure with single bonds. It is represented as a hexagon with each vertex representing a carbon atom.

6. Propylene Glycol

IUPAC Name: Propan-1,2-diol
Common Name: Propylene glycol
Structure: \( C_3H_8O_2 \) - A three-carbon chain with two hydroxyl groups. Its structure can be represented as:
```
     H   OH
     |   |
H - C - C - C - H
     |   |
     H   H
```

7. Butyric Acid

IUPAC Name: Butanoic acid
Common Name: Butyric acid
Structure: \( C_4H_8O_2 \) - A four-carbon chain with a carboxylic acid (-COOH) group. Its structure is:
```
     O
     ||
H - C - C - C - C - O - H
     |   |   |
     H   H   H
```

8. 2-Butanol

IUPAC Name: Butan-2-ol
Common Name: Sec-butyl alcohol
Structure: \( C_4H_{10}O \) - A four-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group on the second carbon. The structure is:
```
     OH
     |
H - C - C - C - H
     |   |
     H   H
     |  
     H
```

9. Toluene

IUPAC Name: Methylbenzene
Common Name: Toluene
Structure: \( C_7H_8 \) - A benzene ring with a single methyl group (-CH₃) attached, making it a hexagonal ring with one side substituted.

10. Hexamine

IUPAC Name: Hexamethylenetetramine
Common Name: Urotropine
Structure: \( C_6H_{12}N_4 \) - Composed of six carbon atoms connected through amine groups, typically represented in a cyclic form.

These compounds represent a variety of classes including alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds. For the structures, consider using structural formulas or molecular visualization tools for a clearer representation.