Two important transition zones in the interior of the Earth are:
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Asthenosphere: This is a semi-fluid layer located just beneath the lithosphere (the rigid outer layer of the Earth). It extends from about 100 kilometers (62 miles) to about 410 kilometers (255 miles) below the surface. The asthenosphere is characterized by its ductility and ability to flow slowly, which allows tectonic plates in the lithosphere to move above it.
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Transition Zone: This refers to a specific layer within the Earth's mantle that exists between the upper mantle and the lower mantle, typically between depths of about 410 kilometers (255 miles) and 660 kilometers (410 miles) below the surface. In this zone, there are significant changes in mineral structure and properties due to increasing pressure and temperature, leading to transformations of certain minerals like olivine into denser forms such as wadsleyite and ringwoodite.
These zones play critical roles in the dynamics of plate tectonics and the overall geology of the Earth.
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