2.3.1 Differentiate between a mesa and a butte. (2x2) (4)
- A **mesa** is a landform characterized by a broad, flat-topped area with steep sides. Often, its flat top constitutes a significant portion of the structure, and its wide expanse differentiates it from other elevated features.
- A **butte**, on the other hand, is a smaller landform than a mesa. It is also characterized by a flat-topped area but the top is significantly smaller and the slopes are steep on all sides. Essentially, a butte is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, flat top.
2.3.2 In which South African climatic region do you find mesas and buttes? (1x1) (1)
- You primarily find mesas and buttes in the **Karoo** climatic region of South Africa.
2.3.3 Explain how the process of scarp retreat (back wasting) causes a mesa to become a butte. (3x2) (6)
- The process involves erosion, where wind, water, and other natural forces erode the sides (scarps) of a mesa.
- Over time, the steep sides of the mesa are continuously eroded away through the process of scarp retreat (also known as back wasting), reducing the mesa’s area and leaving behind a smaller plateau.
- As the erosion continues, the mesa's top becomes narrower and more isolated. Eventually, enough material is eroded from the sides, transforming the once large mesa into a smaller, more eroded butte.
2.3.4 Provide two reasons for the importance of the Karoo landscape on people and the environment. (2x2) (4)
- **Biodiversity and Unique Ecosystems**: The Karoo supports a unique array of flora and fauna that are specially adapted to its arid conditions. This biodiversity is valuable for ecological research and conservation efforts. Endemic species contribute to global biodiversity, and maintaining their habitats is crucial for environmental sustainability.
- **Economic Activities and Livelihoods**: The Karoo landscape is important for agricultural activities, particularly sheep farming and other livestock. The vast open spaces are suitable for grazing, which is a key economic activity that supports local communities. Additionally, the region has potential for tourism due to its unique geological formations and scenic beauty, which can provide economic benefits through eco-tourism and related services.
Question 2.3 [15 marks]
Use Figure 6 on Mesas and Buttes given below to answer the following
questions.
Figure 6: Mesa and Butte
2.3.1 Differentiate between a mesa and a butte. (2x2) (4)
2.3.2 In which South African climatic region do you find mesas and buttes?
(1x1) (1)
2.3.3 Explain how the process of scarp retreat (back wasting) causes a mesa to
become a butte. (3x2) (6)
2.3.4 Provide two reasons for the importance of the Karoo landscape on people
and the environment. (2x2) (4)
1 answer