1. Emulsification of fats: Bile contains bile salts that help break down large fat globules into smaller droplets, which increases the surface area available for enzymes to digest fats.
2. Absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins: Bile aids in the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) by emulsifying fats and forming micelles that transport these nutrients across the intestinal lining.
3. Neutralization of stomach acid: Bile helps neutralize the acidic chyme coming from the stomach, creating a more optimal pH environment for digestive enzymes in the small intestine to work efficiently.
4. Elimination of waste products: Bile helps excrete waste products such as bilirubin and cholesterol from the body by transporting them to the liver for processing and eventual elimination through feces.
5. Antimicrobial activity: Bile has antimicrobial properties that help control the growth of harmful bacteria in the small intestine, preventing infections and promoting a healthy gut microbiome.
Overall, bile plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins, as well as in maintaining the health of the gastrointestinal tract.
Functions of bile in digestion
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